Certain parts of the bill apply directly to statutes that govern public benefit corporations, mutual benefit corporations, religious corporations, or other laws. Corporations Code sections 5001 - 5080 are general provisions that pertain to all nonprofit corporations. Corporations Code sections 5110 - 6910 apply to public benefit corporations. Corporations Code sections 7110 - 8910 apply to mutual benefit corporations. Corporations Code sections 9110 - 9690 pertains to religious corporations. Of special note, sections 7110 through 8910 apply directly to 501(c)(6) organizations. Again, most of those changes are fairly minor and technical, but there are at least two exceptions.
One of the more significant changes is the code now clarifies that committees of the corporation authorized to exercise the powers of the Board of Directors must be comprised solely of directors, but that typical committees that do not exercise the powers of the Board may include non-directors (Section 7212). A typical executive committee is comprised solely of directors, and is therefore consistent with the revised statute. Other committees typically do not exercise the power of the Board, so they also appear to be consistent with the revised statute.
Another point to bear in mind is that portions of AB 1233 apply to all nonprofits. This includes revisions to Corporations Code Section 5047, which now provides the following:
5047. Except where otherwise expressly provided, "directors" means natural persons, designated in the articles or bylaws or elected by the incorporators, and their successors and natural persons designated, elected or appointed by any other name or title to act as members of the governing body of the corporation. A person who does not have authority to act as a member of the governing body of the corporation, including through voting rights as a member of the governing body, is not a director as that term is used in this division regardless of title. However, if the articles or bylaws designate that a natural person is a director or a member of the governing body of the corporation by reason of occupying a specified position within or outside the corporation, that person shall be a director for all purposes and shall have the same rights and obligations, including voting rights, as the other directors.
The meaning of this statute is not entirely clear at this point. For example, if it is made clear that a “director” does not have a right to vote, is it not clear under the second sentence of Section 5047 that such a director is not a director within the meaning of the statute? At the same time, many bylaws declare a person who holds a certain position, such as executive director, is an ex officio member of the board, without the right to vote. The third sentence of Section 5047 would appear to give the executive director the right to vote anyway. These results seem contradictory.
In light of the new law, it is important that nonprofits determine whether ex officio, honorary, emeritus and advisory directors have a statutory right to vote, regardless of what the bylaws provide.
How can nonprofits address this issue? Here are a few suggestions:
- The safest approach is to avoid having ex officio, honorary, emeritus, advisory or similar director position.
- Another approach is to use different words to describe these persons, and make it clear that these persons are not “directors.”
- Yet another approach, as yet untested, is to give the board the power to appoint any of such “directors,” so if one of those directors insists on voting, they can be removed by the board.
- Still another approach, also untested, would be for the bylaws to explicitly state the “director” shall not have the right to vote, and shall not be a director within the meeting of Section 5047.
Most importantly, the bylaws themselves should not designate that any person will be a member of the Board of Directors by reason of occupying any particular position, unless it is intended that they will have the right to vote.